What embedding means. A PDF can carry the font program itself, with the outline of every glyph it needs, or it can carry only the font's name and expect the computer that opens the file to supply the rest. Embedded fonts travel with the file. Named-only fonts depend on whatever is installed where the file is opened or printed. For print, every font that draws text should be embedded.
Subsets. Most exports embed only the characters a document actually uses. A subset carries a six-letter tag and a plus sign in front of its name, such as ABCDEF+ followed by the font name. A subset counts as embedded. ProofSlip shows the tag in its own Subset column, so you can tell a subset from a full copy, which matters mostly if someone needs to edit the text later.
Font types. ProofSlip reads Type 1, TrueType, Type 0 (CID) and Type 3 fonts and looks for the font program in the place each type keeps it. Type 3 fonts draw their glyphs with drawing commands stored in the file itself, so they are reported as embedded, with glyphs in file.
Used versus declared. A font listed in a page's resources but never used to paint text is declared, not used. ProofSlip counts a font as used only when a text operator paints with it in a visible mode, on a page, inside a form placed on that page, or in a printable annotation. A missing font that is only declared is an INFO note. A missing font that paints text is a FAIL, with the font name and the pages in the message.
The standard 14 fonts. PDF defines 14 base fonts that viewers are expected to provide. Files that rely on them often display correctly, but the version supplied by the printer's system may not match the one used to lay out the text, so ProofSlip treats them like any other missing font, fails the file, and notes Standard 14 in the message.
What ProofSlip will not do. It does not embed fonts, convert text to outlines, or rewrite the file. Embedding has to happen where the PDF is made: turn on font embedding in the export or print settings of the application that made it, or ask the client for a new export. Then open the new file in ProofSlip and check again. The report is a check, not a fix.
Known gaps. Text in an optional layer that is switched off can still mark a font as used, and the glyph drawings inside Type 3 fonts are not inspected. Both cases lean toward listing a font, not hiding one.